Antigone Essays (220 words) - Death Customs, Antigone,

Antigone Antigones objective is to acquire equity for her sibling, yet since she is obstinate and nonsensical, she can't completely finish her motivation. Antigone is a caring individual, whos objective is equity for both of her siblings. She is somebody exceptionally enamored with the importance of family and she doesnt feel right when one of her siblings is requested to be forgotten about and be eaten by creatures. She needs to give her sibling everlasting, yet the state doesnt permit it. Despite the fact that she is anxious to satisfy equity, her madness disallows her from doing as such. For instance, when inquired as to whether she admits to her part in covering Polyneices, she answers, I do, I deny nothing. (II, 55) She acts bigheaded, however she isn't one who ought to do as such since she is a ladies living in a male prevailing society, and in light of the fact that her admitting can cause demise for her. Her character is another motivation behind why she can't achieve her objective of equity. Despite the fact that she is a ladies, Antigone trusts herself to be somebody significant and prevailing, and, she thinks she is savvy and sufficiently able to go out a resist the state law and burry her sibling. Her affection towards family, feelings and determination defeat Antigone and cause her to do what she does.

Library Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Library Research - Assignment Example For our organization execution assume a crucial job in deciding compensation, advancements, moves, terminations and other such choices that effect prosperity just as the general organization execution. In this manner access to target execution assessment frameworks is vital to the general advantage of the organization, representatives and the general public. A target execution the board framework will help improve the connection between the administrators and their subordinates just as lift inspiration (Jackson et al.2011). As a recently assigned administrator for the HR office, we would guarantee that presentation the executives is appropriately planned, reported and actualized (Pope, ). It ought to be plainly comprehended that appropriate execution of the program is impossible without participation of line administrators and except if the top administration demonstrates promise to it. Exercises, for example, guaranteeing execution the executives is grasped every day, auspicious fulfillment of execution audits, giving significant criticism all through the procedure and making formative open doors accessible to superior workers are for the most part duties of line administrators. In this manner it is the correct execution of the exhibition the board program by the board and line-directors that can represent the moment of truth it. The job of HR for this appropriate execution would be to: As indicated by the assessment of past hierarchical practices, a few divisions have casually endeavored to present execution based compensation frameworks as evaluations. This procedure should be appropriately reported and overseen by the HR division in a joint effort with other office administrators. It has been demonstrated in an examination led by Subramanov, Krause, Nortom and Burns in 2008 that making a model for serious compensation can be utilized as motivating force to improve a company’s execution by means of upgraded representative execution (Chow et. Al, 2012). A few angles that the new examination framework should join are: The job of execution of organization official and their supervisory groups

Antigone †Strong and Powerful or Spoiled and Stubborn? Essay -- Antig

Antigone †Strong and Powerful or Spoiled and Stubborn? Of the deplorable figures in Antigone, Creon is the most clearly detestable in light of the fact that his thought processes are self-serving and his destiny the most noticeably awful. As the play starts, we discover that Antigone has resisted Creon's illustrious declaration by performing sacrosanct entombment customs for her banished sibling, Polyneices. Polyneices has been proclaimed a foe of the state by Creon. The sentence for anybody endeavoring to cover him is passing by stoning. Creon has become King of Thebes as a matter of course, because of Oedipus' destiny as recently anticipated by the Oracle at Delphi: Oedipus kills his dad and accidentally weds his mom. Jocaste, his mom and spouse and Creon's sister, ends it all after learning reality. Between Oedipus' two children, Creon sides with Etocles in his case for Oedipus' honored position and outcasts Polyneices. Polyneices, in a state of banishment, raises a military against Thebes, endeavoring to hold onto the honored position for himself. The two siblings battle and kill each other. Etocles is granted a good entombment by Creon for valiantly safeguarding the city, however Polyneices is precluded any internment in light of the fact that from securing his demonstration of treachery. Disavowal of a custom entombment was damming and about blasphemous to the antiquated Greeks. Creon is rankled to find his declaration has been rebelled. At the point when he learns it is Antigone, his niece, he inquires as to whether she has heard the announcement. She says truly, that the pronouncement was proclaimed freely and transparently - she answers that she comprehends the results. Creon further inquires as to whether she is explicitly challenging him. She answers that she is noting and complying with a higher law. Creon denounces her, and in doing so damages the implicit law of faithfulness to the family. Creon's will be finished! Creon: Do you need me to show m... ...th her passing. Chorale: You has gone past human brave and come finally Into a position of stone where equity sits. I can't tell What shape your dad's blame shows up in this. Antigone: You have contacted it finally: the wedding bed Unspeakable, frightfulness of child and mother blending: Their wrongdoing, contamination of all our family! Your marriage strikes from the elegance to kill mine. I have been an outsider here in my own property: For my entire life The obscenity of my introduction to the world has tailed me. (Sophocles 4,33-44). Maybe this self-condemning is her honorable good aim, or the outrageous of malevolence guilty pleasure in self indulgence and ineptitude; self ingestion at the famous loss of human life, including her own. Perhaps she's simply ruined and difficult. Works Cited Sophocles. Antigone Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984.

Social and Environmental Sustainability of an Organisation - 825 Words

Ethical, Social and Environmental Sustainability of an Organisation (Coursework Sample) Content: Ethical, Social and Environmental Sustainability of an OrganisationStudents NameInstitution AffiliationCourseInstructorDateHow does the capacity of response affect how successful environmental sustainability is?Research has indicated that the capacity of response greatly affects the successful achievement of environmental sustainability. First, when there is lack of complete implementation of environmental factors, organizations fail to improve financial performances which in turn affect sustainability (Green Haines, 2015).Also, when an organization fails to account for external environmental costs without having a clear method to price external costs, it ends up in risk of climate change. From this failure of accountabilities, companies have been found to be lagging behind in incorporating new techniques in their traditional decision-making strategies. Additionally, the lack of appropriate alignment regarding corporate sustainability creates divergence of priorities . In the long run, the two teams end up not engaging each other and thus, affecting sustainability.Finally, when the value of environmental sustainability in the internal allocation of capital decisions directly affects the company negatively by not exposing it to external energy price volatility and water risks, other factors significantly affect the supply chain which is in line with environmental sustainability. (Li, Jiang Wen, 2016).Is environmental stability possible within organizations that do not have a full inter-connectivity between subsystems?The environmental stability of a company highly depends on how different subsystems with the organization and work together in achieving particular goals. Therefore, the stability of an organization will be affected when the interconnectivity has no full communication existing between them. Bringing together the subsystems provides a good setting for creative investigation and responses to be made (Schrettle et al., 2014). When they work together, several lenses are focused on the intricacy of issues of the environment which in turn provides learners with access to diverse methodologies for assessing environmental decisions.Network connectivity between subsystems in an organization increases chances of forging new standards and goals for sustainable business practices. Therefore, sustainability is accelerated. Thus the advancement of sustainable business practices within the company will be irregular when subsystems are not working together.However, to some extent, an organization might gain stability when subsystems are managed independently. This enables them to make their own decision in achieving the goals, rather than depending on decisions made by an organization which generalizes all the company. When subsystems are independent, the issue of interference is eliminated as no subsystem will bother with operations of the other.In what ways might organizations benefit from protecting and preserving sustaina bility?By protecting and preserving sustainability, an organization may observe the rise in its key goals. This may include the following: Fast, it improves the sustainability, where environmental impacts are reduced by an organization the viability of an organization improves due to less dependence on the natural resources than your core competitors and the organization has a better way of addressing the issue of rising costs due to change in climate.Secondly, good practice may attract more new people to an organization. Promoting a friendly environmentally methods of an organization may set apart competitors thus attraction of new and experienced customers who are interested in obtaining products from an environmentally friendly company.Finally, focusing more on structure impacts on the environment can at a great help in attracting and retaining staff. Finally, utilizing the staff available reduces the cost of the organization incurs due to hiring and training new members in the e nvironment. Therefore, these guarantees a high organization chances of long-term success (Font, Garay Jones,2016).Given that sustainability is beneficial, why havent a greater percentage of companies engaged in sustainability planning and implementation.Several companies have failed to implement sustainability due to different situations. A company finds it not easy trying to introduce new ways of thinking. This means they have to forget what they are used to doing, and start thinking the newly introduced way. Thus, its rigid in adopting the new way as mind is used to doing it more efficient the old way.Secondly, a company fears to challenge the existing ways in which your business is built on therefore more time and energy is spent in finding a way of doing this new idea introduced in an organization. This may mean members of staff have to attend classes again to understand the new concepts easily.Also, there is more trial and error in trying to adopt the new ideas into the company , therefore more resources and time-consuming wasted (Shi, Zuo Lai, 2016). This may lead to more wastage of resource in trying to learn new ideas. The productivity of the company may go down as more time is spent in learning processes by staff.How can a corporation hold themselves accountable to sustainable practices?An organization can hold themselves accountable to sustainability practice by embracing some give factors. By adopting transparency, becoming a transparent organization does not happen overnight. Rather, there exist various methodologies a company may adopt to use in building their transparency.The company should be accountable for hiring a qualified and trustworthy staff. When good people have employed the success of the organization will be at a better position in attain set goals, and this can be determined through the correct interview process to gaining the sense of trustworthiness from people and employ those individuals you have instinctive trust.Also, a company may be accountable by acknowledging their mistakes. Acknowledgements of mistakes especially when senior employees commit mistakes is an important factor as employees feel part of the company and thus enhancing the productivity of the company (Alaa Fitzgerald, 2013).How can an organization be transparent about their business model to employees?Having a transparent leadership may be seen as a critical role in fostering a culture of trust amongst leaders and their employees (Wise et al.,2014). When employees are well kept into the loop of the company and understand their duties which are to embrace purposes and ideas of the organization more justifiably and probably put the confidence of employees in their employer hig...

Historical Development Of Journalism, Public Relations And...

Throughout history there have been many patterns; a time of war is always followed by a time a peace, a change in government always causes some sort of political unrest and society always evolves. There are also many patterns in the historical development of journalism, public relations and advertising including their exposure to propaganda and their internal battles with the First Amendment. In addition, there is an abundant number of differences including but not limited to conflict of interests and spinning tales. One of the similarities between these three forms of communication is that they are often used as a method of propaganda. For example, journalist created yellow journalism as a way to sell more papers and sway its readers†¦show more content†¦Rather that they worked for the benefit of the public. According to Rodman, â€Å"The Boston Tea Party of 1773†¦ was designed to garner publicity and crystallize public opinion.† (Rodman, p330). After, they conv inced the Loyalists of their cause, the fight against the British was quickly terminated. Lastly, advertising is predominantly propaganda. Creating an emotional bond to a paid form of nonpersonal promotion is the basis of propaganda in advertising. Every time that one feels it necessary to buy a commodity as it appears to be first-class and upon arrival is disappointed, they have been duped by the advertiser and is part of their propaganda ploy. Similarly there has been discomfort with the First Amendment; journalism struggles with what can be said in the news, public relations asks the question what is okay for you to say without public backlash and advertising is dealing with how to make advertisements catch the public eye without saying something that needs to be censored or is false. An example that covers all three of these issues happened a few years ago and gained popularity as the person that was quoted was made famous due to a widely-viewed television show. Duck Dynastyâ₠¬â„¢s cast member Phil Robertson, was quoted saying to GQ â€Å"‘It seems like, to me, a vagina—as a man—would be more desirable than a man s anus. That s just me. I m just thinking: There s more there! She s got more to offer. I mean, come on, dudes! You know what I mShow MoreRelatedThe National Mass News Media911 Words   |  4 Pagesreached the national public through national media, which desired to appeal to audiences covering the partisan divide. The major media outlets controlled the flow of news from Washington and the president’s access to what Starr labels â€Å"channels of persuasion.† The White House was able to exercise leverage in its media relations through selectively leaking news and granting exclusive interviews. Presidents were able to use the media to reach abroad and reach the national public. Now, however, neitherRead MoreThe Evaluation Of Public Relations Internship Program3274 Words   |  14 Pages The evaluation of Public Relations Internship Program in China Literature Review Nowadays, when new ideas, professions and whole fields are imported or received into cultures that had no part in their creation and development, it is important to study how these fields fit in, are adapted to or are altered by their new host countries. China is the largest of these host countries. Since the early 1980s, Western ideas, practices and fields have been introducedRead MoreThe Evaluation Of Public Relations Internship Program3274 Words   |  14 Pages The evaluation of Public Relations Internship Program in China Literature Review Nowadays, when new ideas, professions and whole fields are imported or received into cultures that had no part in their creation and development, it is important to study how these fields fit in, are adapted to or are altered by their new host countries. China is the largest of these host countries. Since the early 1980s, Western ideas, practices and fields have been introducedRead MorePower Struggles in Society1778 Words   |  8 Pagesthe role of mass media. Each approach helps illustrate a different focus on society. They each hold special relevance in a discussion of the history of societal beliefs. The Mass Society refers to the overall belief C. Wright Mills held in relation to the type of society he believed we live in. Mills began The Power Elite with a bold statement saying, The powers of ordinary men are circumscribed by the everyday words in which they live, yet even in these rounds of job, family, and neighborhoodRead MoreMedia Relations And Public Relations3459 Words   |  14 PagesMedia Relations While media relations is typically an aspect of public relations, it is a separate idea that is sometimes yet is not always a part of public relations. Media relations should be studied alongside public relations with a continuing awareness of its uniqueness; separate from but still a part of public relations. Public relations relates to how an organization deals with matters of public opinion regarding an organization. Although media relations is the relationship that a company orRead MoreEssay about Multiculturalism in America3204 Words   |  13 Pagesimagery into pop culture America has morphed into a society of multiculturalists. Unfortunately, the advertising industry and intellectual print journalism reflect these attitudes. Print advertisements often reinforce ethnic stereotyping, use provocative racial imagery, or exploit those with â€Å"exotic† appearances. 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Unlike some other industries, the Eamp;M sector enjoys direct interaction with people and hence, it has great power to influence people’s mind. Often the industry remains the driving force in building public opinion and determining its trends. Like the other countries of the world, the media industry also plays a very crucial role in India. The media and entertainment industry has come a long way to grow into a modern sector in the country. The largeRead MoreLinguistic Features of Language6234 Words   |  25 Pages vast). Several poetic devices are based on the sound instrumentation of text and are, besides poetry, often utilized in discourse which is concerned with exploiting this language potential and connoting a certain atmosphere or mood, for example, public speeches, punning, jokes, children ´s rhymes, commercials, product names, slogans, etc. (see Poetic f., 3.4): alliteration, assonance, consonance, (direct and indirect) onomatopoeia, (perfect, half, eye, masculine, feminine, triple, internal, end/terminalRead MoreHistory of Public Relations4929 Words   |  20 PagesTHE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN HIGHER EDACATION INSTITUTIONS / UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA. A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA. 1.0 WHAT IS PUBLIC RELATIONS Public Relations (PR) results from a convicted and thoughtful communication process that recognizes that favourable public opinion, attention and support is not achieved by accident. It recognizes a great deal of hard work since success depends on ensuring that nothing happens by chance. This is probably due to the inevitable growing

Biological and Classical School - 1265 Words

Introduction The Classical School of criminology emerged during the eighteenth century after the European Enlightenment period. It was during this time that law enforcement and laws were disparate and unjust and punishment was brutal. Members of the Classical School would demand justice that based on equality and human punishment that was appropriate for the offense. According to Williams and McShane 2009, the Classical School was uninterested in studying the criminal per se; it gained its association with criminology through its focus on lawmaking and legal processing. The Positive School of criminology focused on explaining and understanding social behavior of criminals. The members of this school used the approach to the study of†¦show more content†¦With the biosocial theory, the biological characteristic of an individual is only one part in the equation of behavior. The other components are physical and social environment. Mednick thought that individuals should lea rn from his or her family and with peer groups to learn how to control the urge for criminal behavior and living an antisocial life. C. R. Jeffery stated in his book Advances in Criminological theory that the perspective of the biosocial theory is that sociological, psychological, and biological characteristics should be seen as interacting together in a systems model to produce criminal behavior. According to Schmalleger 2006, the Positive School is built-upon two principles. The first principles is that the belief that human behavior is determined not by the exercise of free choice but by the causative factors beyond the control of the individual. The second principle is that the application of scientific techniques to the study of crime and criminology. The Positive School believes that humans live in a world in which cause and effect operate, and social problems can be remedied by means of a systematic study of human behavior (Williams McShane, 2009). Members of this school believe that punishment should be for treatment and not punishment. Positivism attempts to explain the cause of crime and offers a basis for rehabilitating criminals and using the indeterminateShow MoreRelatedBiological Explanations of Criminal Behavior1430 Words   |  6 PagesBiological Explanations of Criminal Behavior Nature and nurture contribute to the way a person behaves. This can be applied to the behaviors of criminals. According to Fishbein (1990, pg.37), â€Å"behavior [is] primarily attributed to inherited predispositions and genetic influences.† Nurture is the environmental influence that shape human behavior (Fishbein, 1990, pg.37). Human genetics and environmental factors contribute to the uniqueness to a person’s behavior. 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I will then continue the paper by comparing their assumptions, their findings and their key policy implications. I will do this by explaining each school’s purpose and goal. I will then argue and explain how the classical school is respectively stronger than the positivist school forRead MoreThe Problem Of Criminal Justice System882 Words   |  4 Pages There are many ideas and schools of thought that surround the idea of criminal justice. Initially the main goals of these schools of thought were to classify and punish crimes, however in the recent past we are seeing a shift toward the deterrence and prevention of crime. Early classical, biological, and psychological theories helped shape what is today’s criminal justice system. One of the earliest theories that attempted to explain the cause of crime is classical theory. In 1764, Cesare BeccariaRead MoreA Study on Operant and Classical Conditioning1477 Words   |  6 PagesOperant and Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning best explains reflective responding that is largely controlled by stimuli preceding the response, while operant conditioning is the kind of learning influenced by stimulus events that follow the responses. (Weiten). In operant conditioning, reinforcement is defined as after the fact. Reinforcement follows a response and increases tendency to make the response. In classical conditioning, the reinforcement comes before the response is madeRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1216 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous schools of that are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights to why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these individuals and eventually reduce the crime rate. This paper will discuss how these schools of thought compare to each other, the Christian Worldview and to United States current criminal justice system. The first step to compare these theories is to better understand them. The Classical School of CriminologyRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1327 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous schools of thought are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights into why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these individuals and eventually reduce the crime rate. This paper will discuss how these schools of thought compare to each other, the Christian Worldview and to United States current criminal justice system. The first step to compare these theories is to develop an understanding of them. The Classical School of CriminologyRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology776 Words   |  4 PagesCh3 q1. The major principles in the classical school of criminology include as a being, one makes fundamentally sane decisions, and those decisions come from liberated will that is accompanied with coherent choosing. Another standard is painfulness and happiness, which are used as determining factors of human conduct. As a deterrent, violations of the law set the standard for the rest of society to abide by. Ones principles of acceptance and non-acceptance are inherent in our lives, in which it cannotRead MoreClassical and Positive School of Criminology Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe Classical School of Criminology and the Positive School of Criminology are two of the main theories that try and explain the behavior of delinquents. The Classical School of Criminology was developed in the late 1 700s by Cesare Beccaria. Classical theorists were trying to decrease punishment and obtain equal justice for all. According to Beccaria and Jeremy Bantham, and English philospther, human nature is characterized by three central features: 1) People are not bound by original sinRead MoreThe Process of Conditioning963 Words   |  4 Pagesconditioning. According to Weiten (2008), conditioning involves learning associations between events that occur in an organism’s environment (p. 169). Although psychology has a grasp on how we learn through classical and operant conditioning, it is impaired by biological constraints. Classical conditioning, also referred to as Pavlovian conditioning (Weiten, 2008), was discovered by a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov. This form of learning presents how an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), or a neutral

Greenspan The Case For The Defence In

Greenspan The Case For The Defence In-Depth Revi Essay ewMy fascination with the Judicial System Structure of today’s society was furthered and strengthened after reading and analyzing the works of Edward Greenspan. This superbly written biography recollecting past cases and important events in Greenspan’s life allowed myself, the reader, to learn more about Jurisprudence and the Criminal Code. The entire casebook revolves around several main themes including the balance of Positive Natural influences in the courtroom, whether a lawyer’s consience intervenes with his duty as a counsellor, and the alarming rate of perjury occuring in front of the juries. To be more concise and clear to the point, Greenspan’s book is a diary of controversial and beneficial issues which have hovered around our criminal courts and will continue to plague and pester them for years to come. By observing and understanding certain issues presented in his book, I was able to comprehend what type of person Greenspan is, what he believes in, what he represents and what he would do for his profession. The wheels of Jurisprudence are always turning, and I came to realise how Greenspan worked and bargained for his status in the country to be solidified. This book also flourished with innovative situations pertaining to the most diversified of criminal charges, to the most uncanny regions of law ever dealt. It was this thorough look at Greenspan’s life which impressed this reviewer the most. It was quite clear that after the fourth page, I came upon the conclusion that this casebook would create a most influential reaction to anyone who had displayed any interest towards our Law system in general. Part One of the novel, No Little Clients, presents the reader with the author’s proposed thesis. His ambition is to defend innocent people accused of crimes. Whether they are innocent or guilty without being proven guilty is irrelevant to Mr. Greenspan. A lawyer’s consience must not be his deciding factor when advising or counselling a client. This viewpoint is elaborated in Part Two (Not Above The Fray) and explained frivolously by Greenspan himself. Throughout the entire novel, the theme bends and curves itself around different and unavoidable situations, but retains its original meaning that no one is guilty until proven so. Greenspan refers to this phrase countless times and explains to the reader that he will not allow his moral beliefs to conlfict with the path of justice (delicately and persuasively explained by both Greenspand and the co-author, George Jonas in Parts Four, Five and Six of the novel). Chapter 13, Playing God, emphatically displays Greenspan’s concern with the treatment of his clients and the decision to push the client until he can make a decision that is in favour with the lawyer himself. The significance of this chapter is that the reader detects the amount of responsibility and endurance is required in order to become a successful pawn of the judicial system. At this point, Greenspan’s thesis huddles itself around the principle of being a â€Å"Pawn of the System† and only serving the system without prejudice and socialistic conflicts. The authors begin their novel with several different themes which branch out and eventually combine. Walking The High Wire is an excellent chapter which focuses on the effects of intended falsehoods employed by the prosecution. When Greenspan takes on a case where the courtroom is changed into a stage for the benefit of a woman who allegedly is raped by his client, it is later realised that through careful investigation and newly discovered evidence, can the truth be used to assist the defendant in being acquitted. .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e , .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .postImageUrl , .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e , .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e:hover , .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e:visited , .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e:active { border:0!important; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e:active , .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31e14a13d9ae3f3cb52ababf4820b41e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism Essay In the chapter And Nothing But The Truth, the author presents a situation where even those who enforce the law may lie to obtain a conviction of an innocent person. When two police officers re-create a false scene for the jury, the reader begins to understand why the author ponders upon different moral questions and creates circumstantial, yet fruitful answers.Like a detective fiction novel, Greenspan proves without a doubt that there is more than meets the eye in accepting and defending a client. As witnessed in the chapter Hi Mom, Guess Who’s In Jail, the reader learns about how the media and

Why Computer Science free essay sample

Why computer science One of the earliest memoy of my life is when I destroyed my father`s computer, so my father punished me. This was how I learned computers and respect for my family. That was how I learned about computer science. Now, everybody in my family gets everything from a computer, and if he wants to buy a new computer or has problems with his computer, he asks me first. Because computer science is useful for jobs, video games, and life, I enjoy studying my subject. First, I believe computer science has plenty of jobs, and it can make easy money. Computer science gives me an easy job. I am an assistant teacher of information technology, and it is a very interesting job. I began working for King Abdulaziz University after I graduated in 2007. Before I graduated, I was nervous about getting a job. When will I get the job? All my friend were searching for jobs. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Computer Science or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Founding a job wasnt easy. They were at home for one year or more than year, but I got the job after four months. That was because of my major. I make $35000 every year. That is a good salary in my country. In Saudi Arabia, the average salary is $25000 every year. I spend the money on my family and my wife. I save the money for studying and my future life. Second, my hobby is video games, and I love it. When I am free, I play video games. I can play alone or with my friends. When I play video game, I have a lot of fun. I spend a lot hours with my friends and brothers playing. I like to play sports and Adventuring games. I think you can learn a lot from video games. Like languages and math skills, and There are many games for learning. Simulation games can save a lot money. For example, pilots can train in Simulation games before they drive real airplanes. Finally, computers give us an easy life. I believe life today is better than it was 100 years ago. Modern life is very different from life 100 years ago because the computer was founded. I am glad to study computer science. I am going to study computer science all my life. I really enjoyed when I study or learn new technology. I would advise everyone to study computers because it is useful and interesting

Free Essays on Humanistic Therapy

HUMANISTIC THERAPY Humanistic psychology focuses on psychological health rather than on mental illness. â€Å"Its view is optimistic, with an emphasis on the human potential. It's a healthy viewpoint. In 1942, Rollo May was stricken with tuberculosis. After eighteen months in a sanitarium in upstate New York, he decided that his attitudes and his personal will were more important to his recovery than the treatments. He entered the graduate psychology program at Columbia University in New York City, receiving his Ph.D. in clinical psychology in 1949 with the highest honors. In the decades that followed, May's dissertation, The Meaning of Anxiety, published in 1950, and revised in 1977, had a major influence on the development of humanistic psychology† (Crompton). Rollo May argued that culture was in an "age of anxiety" and, furthermore, that channeling his own high anxiety was a major factor in overcoming his tuberculosis. (This would be the first we’ve heard of the mind/body connection to illness in the field of psychology I believe.) May was one of the most influential American psychologists of the twentieth century. He helped to introduce European existential psychoanalysis to an American audience. He was a founder of humanistic psychology, with its focus on the individual, as opposed to the behaviorist psychology and Freudian psychoanalysis that was prevalent in the 1940s and 1950s. May's writings were both practical and spiritual and they promoted the power and worth of the individual. As such, they contributed to the development of the human potential movement. May maintained that widespread alienation and anxiety were a result of breakdown and upheaval in culture and society, rather than the result of individual psychological problems. I would add that the lack of spiritual awareness is another component of breakdown and upheaval. Maslow's thinking was surprisingly original - most psychology before him had been concerned... Free Essays on Humanistic Therapy Free Essays on Humanistic Therapy HUMANISTIC THERAPY Humanistic psychology focuses on psychological health rather than on mental illness. â€Å"Its view is optimistic, with an emphasis on the human potential. It's a healthy viewpoint. In 1942, Rollo May was stricken with tuberculosis. After eighteen months in a sanitarium in upstate New York, he decided that his attitudes and his personal will were more important to his recovery than the treatments. He entered the graduate psychology program at Columbia University in New York City, receiving his Ph.D. in clinical psychology in 1949 with the highest honors. In the decades that followed, May's dissertation, The Meaning of Anxiety, published in 1950, and revised in 1977, had a major influence on the development of humanistic psychology† (Crompton). Rollo May argued that culture was in an "age of anxiety" and, furthermore, that channeling his own high anxiety was a major factor in overcoming his tuberculosis. (This would be the first we’ve heard of the mind/body connection to illness in the field of psychology I believe.) May was one of the most influential American psychologists of the twentieth century. He helped to introduce European existential psychoanalysis to an American audience. He was a founder of humanistic psychology, with its focus on the individual, as opposed to the behaviorist psychology and Freudian psychoanalysis that was prevalent in the 1940s and 1950s. May's writings were both practical and spiritual and they promoted the power and worth of the individual. As such, they contributed to the development of the human potential movement. May maintained that widespread alienation and anxiety were a result of breakdown and upheaval in culture and society, rather than the result of individual psychological problems. I would add that the lack of spiritual awareness is another component of breakdown and upheaval. Maslow's thinking was surprisingly original - most psychology before him had been concerned...

The Employment Code of Conduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Employment Code of Conduct - Essay Example Disciplinary procedures are an important part for any organization, it is the disciplinary procedures that determine the complete directive of the firm that the employees are supposed to follow, it may also include the code of conduct. (Gennard, J. & Judge, G., 2005) All the ill effects of not following the terms mentioned in the disciplinary procedures are also mentioned in the same document, like suppose the penalty or punishment for misconduct such as abusing fellow workers is suspension from the company without pay, (Hall, R. & Stewart, J., 2001) so here the term in disciplinary procedure will be as follows: All the employees working for Bodgitt and Blastit limited should not use abusive language against any other employee, manager, stockholder or a general part of the company, or even in the office premises; failing to do so could lead to a suspension of the key employee. (Russell, Kate, 2004) In the above procedure and term, the problem was very clearly stated and so was its penalty. Therefore preventing the company from being a victim by means of a penalty from the employment tribunal. If any such information is not mentioned in the disciplinary procedures or even worse, if the company does not have a disciplinary procedure until now, this could be much worse, the employment tribunal may also force the company to not only let the â€Å"suffered† employee get back to his post in the company, but also the responsible (or rather, irresponsible) employee could also get some compensation out of the whole deal.

Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Decision Making - Essay Example most viable when time is of essence in arriving at quick recommendations and when the decision-maker has established vast experience and expertise that warrants knowledge of the potential outcomes of the decision to be made. Still, most women have been proven to have practiced making decisions based on gut-feel and relying merely on perceptions. In one’s personal experience, decision-making follows the rational decision making process where there are clearly stipulated steps that are structured and where one is expected to adhere to. This has been proven to be most effective in one’s personal and professional experiences in life due to the objectivity it accords me, as the decision-maker, to see various options on a factual perspective; and to have generated the most effective recommendations that have been agreeable or amenable to those affected by the decisions on a longer time frame. Likewise, as emphasized in the discourse entitled â€Å"Why Being Certain Means Being Wrong† there is an evident feeling of â€Å"certainty, in the form of the calm feeling of knowing, (which can ultimately) replace the tension of not knowing† (par. 3). Thus, through rational decision making, one ultimately attains a feeling of sublime calmness in the certainty that the selected course of action is the one that is most plausible, more leaning to accuracy and correctness and the least fallible to error. In a more generalized form, one’s rational decision-making process follows these crucial phases: (1) defining or clearly stating the problem (not the symptoms but the root or main predicament); (2) identifying one’s alternative courses of action (which also includes not doing anything, which is called status quo; and other viable options); (3) using cognitive or analytical tools in evaluating each option (such as enumerating benefits versus costs or advantages versus disadvantages, at the most simplest form; SWOT analysis, if needed; ethical, moral and legal considerations;

Beryls Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Beryls Chocolate Essay Chocolate is a key ingredient in many foods such as milk shakes, candy bars, cookies and cereals. Chocolate is a processed delicacy made from the beans of the cocoa tree. The cocoa tree, native to the tropical Amazonian forests, is an evergreen tree of the cola family. Chocolate is a mixture of roasted cocoa, cocoa butter, and very fine sugar. Unsweetened or called bitter chocolate is available in squares and is the natural rich chocolate ground from the cocoa beans. It has a full-bodied flavor and is ideal for baking and cooking. Sweetened chocolate and chocolate with various other ingredients are also increasingly available. As we know, the type of chocolate refers to three types which is milk chocolate, plain chocolate and white chocolate. History Of Chocolate The Timeline 2000 BC, Amazon: Cocoa, from which chocolate was created, was said to have originated in the Amazon at least 4,000 years ago. Sixth Century AD: Chocolate, derived from the seed of the cocoa tree, was used by the Maya Culture. Maya called the cocoa tree cacahuaquchtl †¦ ‘tree’, and the word chocolate came from the Maya word xocoatl which means bitter water. 1200, Aztec Culture: The Aztecs attributed the creation of the cocoa plant to their god. In both the Mayan and Aztec cultures cocoa was the basis for a thick, cold, unsweetened drink called xocoatl†¦ believed to be a health elixir. Since sugar was unknown to the Aztecs, different spices were used to add flavor, even hot chili peppers and corn meal were used! Aztecs believed that wisdom and power came from eating the fruit of the cocoa tree, and it had nourishing, fortifying, and even aphrodisiac qualities. The Aztec emperor, Montezuma drank thick chocolate dyed red. The drink was so prestigious that it was served in golden goblets that were thrown away after only one use. 1502, Columbus landed in Nicaragua: On his fourth voyage to America, Columbus landed in what is now called Nicaragua. He was the first European to discover cocoa beans being used as currency, and to make a drink, as in the Aztec culture. 1513, A slave was bought for Beans: Hernando de Oviedo y Valdez reported that he bought a slave for 100 cocoa beans. It was at this time, the name of the drink changed to chocolatl from the Mayan word xocoatl and the Aztec word for water, or warm liquid. 1519, Hernando Cortez began a Plantation: Hernando Cortez conquered part of Mexico had a vision of converting the beans to golden doubloons. While he was fascinated with Aztecs bitter, spicy beverage [he didn’t like the cocoa drink], he was much intrigued by the beans’ value as currency. Later, Cortez established a cocoa plantation in the name of Spain. 1528, Chocolate Arrived in Spain: Cortes presented the Spanish King, Charles V with cocoa beans from the New World and the necessary tools for its preparation. And no doubt Cortes taught him how to make Chocolate. 1544, Dominican Friars Got into the Swing: Dominican friars brought a delegation of Mayans to meet Philip. Spanish monks, who had been consigned to process the cocoa beans, finally let the secret out. It did not take long before chocolate was acclaimed throughout Europe as a delicious, health-giving food. The beans were still used as currency. 200 beans bought a turkey cock. 100 beans was the daily wage of porter, and would buy a hen turkey or a rabbit. 3 beans could be traded for a turkey egg, a new avocado, or a fish wrapped in maize husks. 1 bean bought a ripe avocado or tomato. 1657, even London succumbs: Londons first chocolate shop was opened by a Frenchman. London Chocolate Houses became the trendy meeting places where the elite London society savored their new luxury. The first chocolate house opened in London advertising this excellent West India drink. 1674, Eating solid Chocolate was introduced in the form of chocolate rolls and cakes, served in chocolate emporiums. 1704, The Germans imposed a Tax on Chocolate: Chocolate made its appearance in Germany, and Frederick I of Prussia reacted by imposing a tax. Anyone wishing to pay homage to its pleasures had to pay two thalers for a permit. 1765, First Chocolate factory in the USA: The production of chocolate proceeded at a faster pace than anywhere else in the world. It was in pre-revolutionary New England. 1800, Chocolate was an Industry: Antoine Brutus Menier built the first industrial manufacturing facility for chocolate. 1819, the pioneer of Swiss chocolate-making, Francois Louis Callier, opened the first Swiss chocolate factory. 1828, The Cocoa Press was invented by Conrad Van Houten: The Press helped to improve the quality of the beverage by squeezing out part of the cocoa butter. Drinking chocolate had a smooth consistency and a more pleasing taste. 1830, The Drink Became a Confection: Solid eating chocolate was developed by J. S. Fry and Sons, a British chocolate maker. 1849, Cadbury Brothers Exhibited Chocolate: The exhibition was at Bingley Hall at Birmingham, England. 1851, Marked a First for Americans: Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert orchestrated The Exposition in London. It was the first time citizens of the United States were introduced to bonbons, chocolate creams, hard candies (called boiled sweets), and caramels. 1875, Milk Chocolate Came of Age: After eight years of experimentation, Daniel Peter from Switzerland put the first milk chocolate on the market. 1879, Chocolate Literally Melts in Your Mouth: Rodolphe Lindt of Berne, Switzerland, invented conching, a means of heating and rolling chocolate to refine it. After chocolate has been conched for 72 hours and more cocoa butter added to it, chocolate became fondant and melted in mouth! 1913, A new Star is Born: Jules Sechaud of Montreux of Switzerland introduced the process for filling chocolates. 1923, The CMA was established: The Chocolate Manufacturers Association of the United States of America (CMA) was organized. 1925, Cocoa is Big Business: The New York Cocoa Exchange, located at the World Trade Center, was begun so that buyers and sellers could get together for transactions. 1938, World War II: The U. S. government recognized chocolates role in the Allied Armed Forces. It allocated valuable shipping space for the importation of cocoa beans which would give many weary soldiers the strength to carry. Today, the U. S. Army D-rations include three 4-ounce chocolate bars. Chocolate has even been taken into space as part of the diet of U. S. astronauts.

Censorship of the Internet :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Censorship of the Internet The censorship of the Internet is a big argument today in the world of computer technology. The government is trying to control something that is to many people an extension of the First Amendment Right, Freedom of Speech. Just this one point should be a slap in the face of every American anywhere, because the government is trying to take something away that has no right to be taken away. The Bill of Rights is the foundation that our country is based and built on and now the government that was created to protect that Bill of Rights, that piece that declares our rights and freedoms, is trying to change one of those twelve rights to make some conservative people more happy about how our country is and how it is run. The world is so concerned today with the petty things that are being done that they do not look to the larger picture of what is actually happening. The government is trying to censor something that they created over thirty years ago to possible send information much more harmful to humanity than pornographic materials or information on how to create bombs that do not work. The Internet was created over thirty years ago by the military for a alternative means of communications other than telephones communications in case of a nuclear strike by the Russians that rendered our great country basically helpless, this previous Internet went under such names as ARPANET, MILNET, and other acronyms similar to these. This great idea by scholars was next adopted by very well known colleges of the United States to provide a quick means of communications and data transfer, such as research information transfer or transcript transfer, between the students and college professors of diff erent city and state colleges. Some of the first colleges that took that great step into this new unknown frontier were CALTECH, MIT, Harvard, and other great prestigious colleges of the United States. During this time period of the Internet the government had no problem at all with what was happening. The colleges were putting large amounts of information on the Internet so other scholars could observe and comment on ongoing experiments, and the government was happy with the large computer network they created for their own personal dastardly deeds.

My Wrist Watch Essay

My watch means a lot to me, and is one of my most cherished possessions which I’ve ever had. It came about on a beautiful day I decided to escort â€Å"shade† my girlfriend to the Mall for some window shopping. That same day was my birthday. I had never celebrated my birthday, and I still didn’t see any reason to do so that day. We checked as many things as we could in most stores, although we had no money to purchase one single thing. We walked into this particular jewelry store which Shade had always talked about in the past. I really had no love for jewelries, so for me, going or not going to that jewelry store, really made no difference at all. Along the line, we ended up at this jewelry store Shade had been talking about. Inside the jewelry store I felt so bored, and gazed into the thin air, like I really had something I took serious notice of; but in reality I was looking through the jewelry and its shelves. At this point I really felt like a soggy cow, forced to the river. Just about ten minutes in this store, my eyes caught sight of this object on the jewelry shelf. About five feet away, it looked so attractive and seemed as pretty as a Mona Lisa painting. Something really made this object outstanding compared to other objects on the shelf. Moving closer, and about a foot away from the jewelry shelf, I could conclude that this glittering object was a watch. From where I stood I could conclude that this watch was manufactured from solid yellow gold bars of about eighteen karat gold and stainless steel. it had about a 40mm case and about a 20mm bracelet. It had this unique feature of having an independent setting for the hour hand, and further featured the date function at the 3 o’clock hour of the face. It also had a crown laid at the 12 o’clock hour, which at that juncture, made me connect with the reality that I was standing in the presence of a brand of an almighty Rolex watch.  Within a split second, one of the sales ladies walked up to me and offered me assistance, but what could she offer me, except for name and the price of the watch, which I immediately asked her for. She let me know the name of the watch was a Rolex Thunderbird, and it would cost me about $800 to purchase it. At that point $800 registered in my brain as two times my monthly rent. All the same the watch still looked to me like it worth more than that amount. Standing close to the door was Shade; she looked like she had been standing there for close to twenty five minutes. I immediately met up with her, and I thought I heard her say she was surprised and thought that I never loved watches. I know I never really loved watches, but there was really something different and special about this watch that could not add up. Shade dropped me of at my apartment and hurriedly left, which was unlike shade that would always like to spend some time with me before leaving. Well for me, that was not a problem, because at the moment, the only immediate problem I had was where on earth I could get $800 to purchase the Rolex watch I saw back there at the jewelry store. As much as I could remember, I never expected Shade to came back to my apartment that night, as I was about to go to bed. But as she came back, this time she came with a birthday gift. Since I knew shade, she had never given me a birthday gift, nor had she ever remembered my birthday. Well on unwrapping the gift, and then opening the black box, there laid a Rolex Thunderbird wrist watch, which was exactly the same wrist watch, I saw at the store much earlier in the day. Nobody had given me a birthday gift in the past 20 years. This was the greatest gift of my life, and which till this day, remains an important piece of my life.

Strategic and competitive positioning of Lenovo Free Essay Example, 3750 words

Generic Strategies of Porter Strategy Device Justification Cost Leadership Think Pad, Think Server, Think Centre Low price especially targeted for emerging markets. Product Differentiation Lenovo Tab, Lenovo Tab A8 and Lenovo Tab A10 Products with differentiated pricing Focus Strategy Lenovo Tablets Focussing on different segments of market; niche segmentation Lenovo has achieved cost leadership through its Think Pad laptops. With efficient manufacturing, Lenovo has been able to cut down prices of the basic laptop ThinkPad models (The Guardian, 2014). Also, Lenovo laptops are distributed in bulk among numerous colleges, universities and companies across the globe, thereby increasing its volume sales substantially. Lenovo vs. Main Competitors Figure 1 Lenovo and competitors (Source: Ragaza, 2014) The above data has been critically used for development of another model known as Bowman’s clock. The generic strategic of Porter can be better understood through visual expression. Bowman’s Strategy Clock Bowman’s strategy clock can be considered as an extension of the generic strategic, so as to establish better differentiation among similar services or products. Here, the offerings of firms can be placed at any location of the 360 degree model, owing to flexibility and placement of the model. The ThinkPad laptop division of Lenovo falls under the low price segment. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic and competitive positioning of Lenovo or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Compared to laptops produced by other competitors such as, Dell and HP, basic Lenovo ThinkPad laptops are affordable and relatively cheaper, owing to their comparatively basic features and lesser offerings (Ragaza, 2014). As a result of its broad innovations, Lenovo laptops are considered under categories such as, low price, focused differentiation and differentiation. The laptops from Lenovo serve both middle income and higher income group segments (Rugman and Li, 2007). Bowman’s Strategy Clock for Lenovo and its competitors Apple, Lenovo, Acer High Dell, Lenovo 4 Differentiation Dell, Lenovo, Apple 3Hybrid Perceived Value 5 Focussed Differentiation 2 Low Cost Lenovo ThinkPad, HP 6 6, 7 and 8 Strategies 1 Destined for Failure Low Low Cost Low Value 8 7 Low Price High (Source: Author’s Creation) A strategic Bowman’s strategy has been formulated for Lenovo and its competitors.

The Power of the Internet Essay - 1307 Words

The Power of the Internet The area of technology in todays society that is expanding without bound is the Internet. Millions of people belong to the online world full of articles, shops, the latest news, virtual communities, etc. If a person needs information or directions the fastest and most successful place to turn is online. For example the quote, You can get anything you want with a click of a mouse, has become the motto for modern day America. Inside the virtual world are millions of groups and organizations built to interest people who share common ideas, values, and goals. The Internet groups, commonly refereed to as communities, appeal to a certain aspect of everyones lives. Finding a community that someone feels†¦show more content†¦On the other hand there is the Internet, a broad expanding industry full of diversity and life. The Internet is growing so rapidly that everyone wants to be a part of it. Amy Bruckman explains that the Net is made up of hundreds of thousands of separate communit ies, each with its own special character. (171) As more people join the Internet community diversity rises and the ability to find people who share similar interests becomes more likely. The Net is represented in numerous aspects of everyday life for many people such as in business, movies, television, and in the press. For example, during the Super Bowl every other advertisement was for the Internet company accenture. Also, in the movie The Net, with Sandra Bullock, the Internet had to do with the entire plot of the movie. We continue to see an abundance of advertisements and references to dot COM communities everywhere we turn. More and more in todays society, the Internet is taking a foothold, becoming a major part of the twenty-first century. The Internet surrounds Americans as well as others around the world causing special interests communities to become increasingly popular. With such a large audience some people decided to use it to their advantage. As mentioned earlier,Show MoreRelatedThe Power Of The Internet1965 Words   |  8 Pagesto be positive, so they dont generally talk about positive customer experiences unless it was something truly exceptional. But, if they had a negative experience, they probably told about twenty people. This ratio is already bad, but the power of the internet magnifies this problem tremendously. These days, an unhappy customer may repeat their negative story twenty different times online via social media and other avenues. Depending upon where they complain and how many connections they have, thisRead MoreThe Power Of The Internet1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. Originally it was used as a military tactic until advisers suggested that it could be used to their advantage because they would be able to operate one computer from another station. The Internet remained under government control until 1984. Scientists also used the Internet to talk to each other; but the main problem was speed. Since this was new technology they had to figure out a way to make computers do more in less timeRead MoreEssay on The Power of the Internet970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Power of the Internet The Power of the Internet has literally taken over the way society goes on about everyday life. It has impacted on American youth more than anything, but this impact is not necessarily positive. Some sites are educational, while others are filled with sex, drugs, and racist material. There was a time when kids were safe studying in their bedrooms, but now, if a computer and modem are present, leaving them alone in their bed rooms can be as risky as leaving themRead MoreThe Power Of The Internet Essay542 Words   |  3 PagesThe Power Of The Internet 1) Although some people may not be aware of the power the Internet holds upon us, it is essential that all users are aware of the dangers which lurk beyond the flashing text and fancy web pages. The term WWW means World Wide Web which is literally what the Internet is, as it is a way in which we are connected with the rest of the world and also to what is going on throughout the minds of certain individuals and governments. The Web thatRead MorePower Of The Internet And Our Dependence On It1184 Words   |  5 PagesJeff Lehrman Professor Swanson English 1A 8 March 2015 Power of the Internet and Our Dependence on it. Google it. E-mail it to me. It s on the Wiki page. All phrases our generations youth find synonymous with looking up or sending information. The ability to retrieve quick facts and brief tutorials have displaced the need to research a subject or practice a skill. Any need to spend a night reading an instruction manual has been replaced by a short 5 minute tutorial on youtube. Buying or RentingRead MoreEssay on The Internet and the Power of E-Commerce1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of E-Commerce The Industrial Revolution changed the face of the business world. In much the same way the Internet Revolution has changed the business world; its impact has ricocheted to every corner of the world. The internet revolution gave birth to an electronic economy. Ecommerce has seen tremendous growth in the last years, its effects are countless. Ecommerce has allowed for the expansion and proliferation of a globalized economy, it has made transactions easier and more efficientRead MoreEssay on The Power of the internet and Social Media2525 Words   |  11 Pages Contemporary social movements such as Arab Spring and Kony 2012 use the Internet and social media as potential tools towards change. But why are some more successful than others. This paper argues that when news outlets see the potential for change, they â€Å"premediate† (Richard Grusin) its possibilities, and make that change ever more possible in their coverage. On the other hand, extant stories that are more reactionary do not get the same amount of new exposure, and remain static. In otherRead MoreNo Bargaining Power And The Internet Boom Of The 1980 S1781 Words   |  8 Pages â€Æ' Since the software and Internet boom of the 1980’s, there has been the existence of click-on, (aka click-through, click-on license, or click-wrap agreement), End User License Agreements (EULA) and Terms of Service (TOS) contracts. These contracts require the user to give assent to â€Å"lease† the program or website by clicking on an† I agree† or â€Å"I disagree† button which either confirms that the user has read the EULA or TOS and is giving assent to those terms, or is rejecting those terms and thereforeRead More Essay on Internet Privacy - Carnivore, and the Power Of FBI Surveillance1755 Words   |  8 PagesCarnivore: The Power Of FBI Surveillance      Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract:   This paper provides an analysis of the privacy issues associated with governmental Internet surveillance, with a focus on the recently disclosed FBI tool known as Carnivore. It concludes that, while some system of surveillance is necessary, more mechanisms to prevent abuse of privacy must exist.    Communication surveillance has been a controversial issue in the US since the 1920s, when the Supreme Court deemed unwarranted wiretapsRead MoreEssay about The Power of the Internet and Women’s Rights in Guatemala2056 Words   |  9 Pagesdigital media technologies, such as the Internet, the public has more choices and opportunities to communicate with people globally. As Bill Gates proclaimed, â€Å"the Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow.† Media can determine the tremendous role its play in not only our daily lives but also its profound impact on modern society’s cognitive perception of the world. The initial proposal for this paper is to answer how the Internet transforms Guatemalan society as well

Smoking Cessation - 2227 Words

A Review of Smoking Cessation Education and Implementation for Nurses A Review of Smoking Cessation Education and Implementation for Nurses There are so many different facets of nursing. Nurses are given so many tools to utilize in our role of educator to patients. It has to be kept in mind that we are doing this with our patients continuously. Every time a task is completed with patients and it is explained what is being doing, teaching is being conducted and hopefully they will take that with them in the future. Nurses need to be adequately equipped with the tools needed to teach patients. Without proper education, how are nurses expected to pass on†¦show more content†¦It was also implemented to show the effectiveness on nursing students self-efficacy and it affects their performance in smoking cessation interventions. The experiences of the nursing students, their attitudes, and what barriers stand in their way to teaching smoking cessation and interventions. Among the student a small percentage were smokers. Most of students though t there was a benefit from smoking cessation. They were well educated about the health risks of smoking. It was found that few were taught and practiced smoking cessation intervention. The students’ main barriers were that they should be actively involved in smoking cessation for patients but lack of knowledge and skills. â€Å"The simulation-based training of smoking cessation intervention improved nursing students self-efficacy in seven out of nine skills of smoking cessation intervention.†(Sohn,M., Ahn,Y., Park,H., Lee, M.) The findings show that simulation could be used effectively in the teaching of smoking cessation intervention education to nursing students. In this article there was only a small number of people who smoked, this could be one of the weaknesses, but it did show in the end that they could put their own thoughts on smoking aside and for the best interest of their patients teach the smoking cessation interventions when they were well equipped. One of the strengths is that they tested the self efficacy on nine different smoking cessation techniques,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Smoking Cessation Methods1225 Words   |  5 PagesTobacco addiction contributes to approximately 438,000 deaths in the United States each year2, with smoking cigarettes constituting one of the most common preventable causes of death, on report asserts3. Tobacco use kills five million people a year worldwide, another source stresses4. Quitting smoking, or at least reduction, for instance, could greatly reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease.1,5 These diseases that can be prevented or reducedRead MoreIntervention For Smoking Cessation Of Smoking920 Words   |  4 PagesIntervention for Smoking Cessation The most important intervention for this patient is to quit smoking. This would be very difficult for a person who smoke for more than 20 years to quit. I would explain to the patient that the best way to treat her emphysema is to stop smoking. First of all, I will assess on what this patient knows about smoking cessation. Some smokers may not have a correct information and positive attitude about quit smoking, which could be the reasons that contribute to the failureRead MoreEar Acupressure For Smoking Cessation1421 Words   |  6 PagesEar Acupressure for Smoking Cessation Smoking is a prevalent problem throughout the United States. It is an addiction and it can be very challenging for individuals to quit. However, through medication and nonpharmacological treatments smoking cessation is possible. One nonpharmacological method that has been researched is using ear acupressure. This paper will discuss the research article Ear Acupressure for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial and how it relates to a hospital patientRead MoreHealth Benefits Of Smoking Cessation1113 Words   |  5 Pagesspecialised post-partum support for up to six weeks is also provided to help smoking mothers with smoking cessation (MOH, 2017d). In primary health care setting, nursing management for smoking cessation can be achieved through one-on-one interaction with clients using ABC approach (MOH, 2009). In this approach, A represents asking or accessing the smoking status of individuals. Thus, health professionals working in the primary health sector should ask on every visit if the client is a current smokerRead MoreA Brief Note On The Smoking Cessation Program2438 Words   |  10 PagesIn the smoking cessation program, nurses play an active role to increase the health literacy of clients and encourage them to quit smoking by using the appropriate brief interventions. Brief interventions are customized pretreatment tool, which effectively improve the clients’ health literacy and increase their motivation to stop smoking (World Health Organisation, 2003, p. 4). To tailor the appropriate behavior modification interventions and increase the likelihood of quit quitting, Stages of ChangeRead MoreBest Strategies For Smoking Cessation2735 Words   |  11 PagesBest Strategies for Smoking Cessation Is it possible to quit smoking, something that is highly addictive? The answer is yes. Smoking cessation can be achieved. Cessation is defined as being brought to an end. Smoking is not only addicting, it damages the human body. Anczak and Nogler (2003) stated, â€Å"tobacco use is the world’s leading preventable cause of death in the United States, accounting for 430,000 deaths annually.† When tobacco smoke is inhaled the nicotine makes its way to the brainRead MoreAn analysis of a Commitment Contract for Smoking Cessation (CARES)2149 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ An analysis of a Commitment Contract for Smoking Cessation (CARES) Maastricht University School of Business Economics Place date: Maastricht, 23. January 2014 Names, initials: Irene Lopez Santiago, Maxime Mà ¼lhausen, Là ©o Schwering For assessor only ID number: I6075315, I6075392, I6075347 1. Content Study: EC, IB, IB 2. Language structure Course code: EBS 1001 3. Language accuracy Group number: Tutorial Group 15 GroupRead MoreSmoking Cessation, Tips For Success869 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking Cessation, Tips for Success If you are ready to quit smoking, congratulations! You have chosen to help yourself be healthier. Cigarettes bring nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and other irritants into your body. Your lungs, heart, and blood vessels will be able to work better without these poisons. There are many different ways to quit smoking. Nicotine gum, nicotine patches, a nicotine inhaler, or nicotine nasal spray can help with physical craving. Hypnosis, support groups, and medicinesRead MoreSmoking Cessation in New Zealand1626 Words   |  6 PagesTITLE: SMOKING CESSATION IN NEW ZEALAND RATIONALE AND AIM The aim of my proposal is to give valuable information about smoking and smoking cessation in a presentation that could be helpful to teenagers and pregnant women who want to quit smoking. The presentation will use simple pictures and language to make it easy for everybody to learn about the harmful impact of smoking on health. Along with this, there are three key goals of tobacco control exercises: To lessen the use of smoking, to discontinue

The Treatment Of Manic Depression Now And free essay sample

The Treatment Of Manic Depression, Now And Then Essay, Research Paper The Treatment of Manic Depression, Now and Then The intervention of frenzied depression has changed through the old ages. This essay will compare the position and intervention of frenzied depression in the 1960ss, to the position and intervention now. The mental unwellness of frenzied depression, and it # 8217 ; s intervention and diagnosing, will be explained and detailed. Diagnosing frenzied depression has been a difficult undertaking for physicians. In the 1960ss, seldom were people treated, or even diagnosed for frenzied depression. It was non until the nineteen- 1970ss that Lithium, a temper stabler for manics, was introduced. Frenzied depression was non easy detected. Most physicians attributed the dramatic temper swings to pubescence or the province of adolescence. Most normally, the patient was told to snarl out of it or given some signifier of an anti-depressant. Many people started to self medicate in the 1960ss with the assorted drugs that were drifting about. We will write a custom essay sample on The Treatment Of Manic Depression Now And or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were medicines and interventions, but none specifically geared toward frenzied depression. The most common medicines were Thorazine, assorted tranquillizers, Meprobamate ( Miltown ) , Librium, and Diazepam ( Valium ) . The most common intervention was psychotherapeutics or speak therapy. If your symptoms or actions were terrible, most likely you were labeled mad or insane and institutionalized. Even if you got better the stigma of one time being insane haunted you when seeking to take a normal life. Since the 1890ss, the diagnosis of passion has become progressively easier. CT # 8217 ; s and MRI scans show abnormalcies and alterations in encephalon moving ridges to help in diagnosing. Mania is now treatable with Lithium, anti-convulsants, and curative intercession. There are now support groups and other aid for people. Many people are still hospitalized, but the conditions are much better. Peoples are no longer labeled as insane. It is an issue that many people are seeking to understand. There are still those who are ignorant, and the stigma of mental unwellness is still at that place. Manic depression, in most instances, is treatable and people with it can populate successfully. But, we still have non erased the stigma that goes with it, every bit good as with many other mental unwellnesss or upsets. We have come a long manner! Technology in medicine and naming with caput scans are more accurate in aiming the job and repairing it. The 1960ss were reasonably gruesome for person with frenzied depression. It is no admiration people were deceasing from OD # 8217 ; s and self-destructions.

Oh Boy Essay Example For Students

Oh Boy Essay Hinduism By: Greg E-mail: emailprotected Hinduism Hinduism was founded sometime between 1500 and 500 CE in the are of the Indus valley civilization. There is no individual founder and no names given to say who developed it. They are many gods in the religion of Hinduism. Many Hindu followers believe that one of the gods is the true god, this creates a division in Hinduism, Vaishnavaism and Shivaism. People who follow Vaishnavaism believe that Vishnu is the one true god and people who follow Shivasim believe that Shiva is the one true god. Yet there are many sects that worship both gods. Over eighty percent of Hindu people worship the Lord Vishnu. One out of six people in the world is a Hindu. Hinduism can be described as a monotheistic or a polytheistic religion depending on the point of view but Hindu people describe themselves as henotheisitic, which is the belief in one god without denying the existence of others. Hindus believe that the soul is immortal and re-enters a body of fl esh and blood to resolve experiences and learn all the lessons that the material life has to offer. Hindus also believe in karma. They believe that karma is one of the natural laws of the universe. If you do good things, good things will happen to you. If you do negative things, negative things will happen to you. Hindus also believe that the cow is sacred. The cow represents their life and all other animals. They also regard the cow as sacred because it gives and gives but only takes grass and grain. Not all of the Hindu people are vegetarian, they are given the freedom to make their own decisions. Hinduism claims over 793,076,000 people, which is 13.7% of the worlds population. Most of the Hindus are concentrated mainly in India, Sri Lanka and Nepal. The Hindu purpose is basically to learn all that they can from this life so that they can pass their knowledge to the spiritual world. Taoism The founder of Taoism is Lao-Tse, which lived between 604-531 BCE. Taoism began as a combina tion of philosophy and psychology but was later turned into a state religion in 440 CE. Lao-Tse was later established as a deity. In 1911, support for Taoism had disappeared and with the communist victory in 1949 there was very little room for religious freedom. Taoism has many sects and groups that have been influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism. Taoism is still practiced in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong although the current government has made attempts to suppress it. The Taoist beliefs are that there is no god and that Tao is a force that flows. There are no personified beliefs in Taoism and they do not pray to a god. They seek out lifes problems through meditation and observation. Much like Hinduism, time is cyclical. There are five organs of the earth water, fire, wood, metal and earth. Lao-Tse developed Yin and Yang which are two competing energies found in all things which must be balanced. There are two different denominations of Taoism, Ortodoxes and Spirit Claud Taoists. O rtodoxes are Tao masters and Black Headed Taoists. They stress the importance of rituals, cosmic renewal, and controlling spirits. Spirit Claud Taoists are Masters of Methods or Headed Taoists they concentrate on meditation, not rituals. There is not a specific number of Taoists in the world. Its hard to find the exact number of Taoists because at one time a person in China could be a Buddhist, a Taoist and a Confucian. The main concentration of Taoists are in China and Taiwan. Shintoism Shinto was started about 500 CE or earlier. The Shinto people believe in nature deities, Buddha was regarded as one of these deities. There was a divine couple, Izanagi and Izanami who gave birth to the Japanese Islands. Their children became the deities of the various Japanese clans. The Sun Goddess is regarded as the chief deity. There are four affirmations in Shinto. Tradition and Family, Love of Nature, Physical Cleanliness and Matsuri. Matsuri is a festival that honors the dead. Shinto is divid ed into three different forms. Jinja, which is the original form of Shinto. 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Factors to Be Considered by Researchers When Defining Data Collection Essay Example

Factors to Be Considered by Researchers When Defining Data Collection Essay Data are materials or information gathered during the process of making inquiry about problems. â€Å"Data of whatever form do not just appear or lie around waiting to be causally picked up by some passing researcher but have to be given form and shape in other to quantify as data; made relevant in a word to a research problem† (Ackryod and Hughes, 1992). In other words, data are systematically collected groups of information that represent either qualitative or quantitative results. From the point of view of social research, the world only exist as data and data can exist only through the interpretations placed on materials gathered from the world†(Williams and May,1996). This essay question will be looking at factors that should be considered to define data of a study. Looking at two empirical researches based on injecting drug users Study 1 looked at a community based cross-sectional survey among out of treatment male opiate injecting drug users (IDU) between ages 15 to 45.Data on nonfatal overdose were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 299 IDU from two district of Bac Ninh in North Vietnam in 2003. Study 2 examines the range of HCV services that treatment programs provide to their HCV positive clients using data collected from 233 drug free and methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPS) throughout the united state. Although findings indicated that MMTPS offer more HCV services to more of their HCV positive clients than drug free programs, but drug free programs provided more individualized services.Researchers are people that make inquiry into things that are obscure to human and tend to find possible solutions to this problem. They must put some factors into consideration to determine the type of data to be collected such as: aims and objectives of the research, research design, sampling strategies, methods research strategy, data collection technique, reliability, validity and ethics of the research. â€Å"The resear ch process usually begins with the theoretical perception or formulation of the research topic† (Sarantakos, 2005).According to Gilbert (2001) theoretical perspective are not just important as elements of good research practice, but also enormous value in inspiring and stimulating us to ask new question. This is also supported by Ackroyd and Hughes (1992) saying theory is a veritable feast of notions, viewpoints, perspectives, abstractions and ideas which plays different roles in sociological enquiry. Theory gives explanation on something that one would find difficult to understand. â€Å"Theories ought to be firmly based on data if they are to be useful in understanding social world† (Gilbert, 2001).Theory could be generated deductively or inductively. Gilbert (2001) said that inductive theory has to do with moving from a known knowledge to unknown, quantitative research makes use of this while deductive theory begins with a theory and use it to explain an observation, qualitative research makes use of this. Study 2 hypothesized that because MMTPs serve a greater portion of IDUs than drug free programs, it is expected that it will offer more comprehensive services for their HCV positive clients. The two articles made use of an inductive theory because they both used quantitative methodAims and objectives of the research is also another factor that determines data collection. â€Å"The aims and methods of research is to put links between the empirical world and theoretical perception† (Ackryod and Hughes, 1992). For example, the aims and objectives of the study 1 were to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer network intervention in reducing HIV and STD transmission and to assess the prevalence and characteristics associated with non-fatal drug overdose among IDUs between 18-45 years in North Vietnam.Here, the researcher is interested in knowing the features and the total number of people using non-fatal drug overdose within a specific age gr oup injecting drugs into their body in Tu son and and Bac Ninh township, North Vietnam. Data collected here will only be within a particular age group from only the two districts. The aims and objectives of study 2 are to evaluate the effectiveness for addressing drug users’ HCV needs using expert in hepatitis and drug addiction and to know the types of services provided by HCV service delivery to the HCV positive injecting and non-injecting drug users in USA.Based on the objective, data collected must be from all HCV service delivery in all the states. Research design is the criteria used when evaluating social research. â€Å"The function of research design is to ensure that evidence obtained enabled us to answer the initial questions as unambiguously as possible† (De Vaus, 2005). It has been suggested that every research needs a design or structure before data collection or analysis begins. Good research design should make it possible for generalization and possible valid inferences from the data.Study 1 and study 2 used a cross-sectional design . According to Burton (2000) cross-sectional design uses data collected from at least two groups at one point in time and compare the extent to which they differ. For example, in study 1 survey among out of treatment male opiate IDU age 18-45 with population of 299, data on non-factual overdose were collected from two Bac Ninh district which are Bac Ninh township and Tu Son in North Vietnam in 2009. While in study 2 survey among drug treatment program was collected throughout the USA from 2001 to 2003.Bryman (2004) suggested that in order to examine association between two variables, it is necessary to have a systematic and standardized method for gauging variation. In study 1, in other for the interviewer to ensure a standardized definition of overdose, a description of common signs and symptoms of overdose due to opioid use was read out. Cross-sectional design does not ensure validity of data because data were only collected at a point which might not be a true representative of the study sample.A much preferred design that would have been preferable will be the use of longitudinal design because most especially for study 2, it will ensure reliability of the data collected by asking the organisation same question over again. The major disadvantage of this study is that it does not give access to generalization of the population creating a kind of bias since******** research is based on the views of organisations concerning the use of treatment programs. According to Babbie(2007) Longitudinal study permit the observation of the study sample over a period of time especially for an in-depth interview.Longitudinal can be more difficult for quantitative studies such as large survey in study 2, nevertheless, they are the best way to study changes over time â€Å"A sampling method is a technique of collecting information about some members of the population† (De Vaus, 2002). Th ey way participant are selected could affect data collection in a way that selecting wrong participant could lead to wrong gathering of information so it is important to define the target group from the population. â€Å"The two sampling approaches are probability and non-probability sampling†(Burton,2000).Study 1 used a non-probability sample example include snowball sampling while study 2 used probability approach example is random sampling. The difference between probability and non-probability sample is that: â€Å" Probability sample is one in which each person in the population has an equal, or at least a known chance of being selected while in a non-probability sample, some people have a greater but unknown chance than others of selection†(De Vaus, 1996 pg:60). â€Å"Snow ball sampling refers to the process of accumulation as each located subject suggests other subject† (Babbie, 2007).In this type of sample, researcher gathers data on the few members of t he target population that can be located. In study 1, the IDU were recruited by 20 trained current and former drug using peer outreach workers through a snow ball-sampling approach in Bac Ninh. â€Å"Statistical theory states that the most reliable way of obtaining a representative sample is to use random sampling whereby each case, whether that be an individual, household, or organisation has an equal probability of being selected†(Burton,2000 pg:309).Here, a researcher has equal chances of selecting members of the study population. In study 2, project staff made telephone calls to screen for eligibility a group of randomly selected drug treatment programs that were listed in the year 2000 inventory of substance abuse treatment database. Non-probability sampling is a useful method of sampling where the researcher is interested in respondent within the sample size as opposed to making wide generalization. Limited resources, inability to identify members of the population and the need to establish the existence of a problem all justify the use of non-probability sampling† (Burton, 2000 pg: 316) Babbie (2007, pg: 187) argued that non-probability sampling cannot guarantee that the sample observed is a true representative of the whole population and is supported by Henry (1990) that as a result of the subjective nature of the selection process, involved in non-probability sampling ,there is a risk that the result will not be valid due to bias in section process. Probability samples are often regarded as the preferable way of obtaining samples that is true representative of the population† (Burton, 2000 pg 309). The major strength of probability sample is that the selection allows the development of statistical theory to examine the attributes of sample estimators to reduce bias. Coomber (1997) argued that probability sampling becomes a problem if the information needed to construct a sampling frame is absent. If not done properly, probability sa mpling can generate different types of error.Bryman and Cramer (1993) suggested that response rates on sample survey are sometimes so low that there is no great difference between probability and non-probability sample. Research methods are ways of gathering materials in research. There are two ways of collecting and collating materials which are quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative method is the use of statistical analyses, real figures to collect data from the environment without subjective interference of the researchers. â€Å"The aim of the research is to collect fact about society which can be statistically analysed† (Gilbert, 2001).Quantitative data makes observation more explicit and can make it easier to summarise aggregate and compare data. Both study used quantitative study but the disadvantage of this type of method is that it does not give rich meaning to a study due to the fact that it is making use of statistics unlike qualitative data which gives a richer and in-depth meaning to a social phenomenon . According to Strauss and Corbin (1990) qualitative methods broadly define means any kind of research that produces findings not arrived by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification.The aim of qualitative research is to offer a view of a situation and provide a written research reports that shows the research reports that shows the researchers ability to illustrate phenomena but its disadvantage is that it deals with just verbal description. Surveys are the most common and best method used for of data collection in social research, and it is useful in collecting original data for describing a population too large to be observed .According to Sarantakos (2005), surveys are methods of data collection in which information is gathered through oral or written questioning. For example, study 1used a semi-structured questionnaire survey which is a type of written questioning while study 2 used interviewing which i s a type of oral questioning. Survey research according to Babbie(2007) offers advantages in terms of economy, the amount of data that can be collected and the chance to sample a large population. In study 1, the survey was carried out in 2 district with the total population as 185825.The disadvantages of survey is that it is difficult to to gain a full sense of social processes in their natural processes. â€Å" In general, survey research is comparatively weak on validity and strong on reliability† (Babbie, 2007) Using a semi- structured questionnaire in study 1, the respondent must be put in mind. In study 1 for example bearing in mind the respondent,, the semi-structured questionnaire was translated into their native language which is Vietnamese for the respondent to be able to understand what it is all about. t could explore large number of people’s view. 399 participants in study 1 had face to face interviews and the questionnaires included questions on demograph ic characteristics, history of drug use, sexual behaviour to mention a few. The tendency of a questionnaire survey to ask rigid questions which force respondent answer into particular categories which they may not have thought of is one of the reasons why it is preferable to use interview as an alternative†(Valentine, 1997: 110) Study 2 used telephone interview.Interviewing is a type of research method that does not ask fixed answer questions. . â€Å"Quatitative interview may be used either as a primary strategy for data collection or in conjunction with observation, document analysis, or other techniques† (Bogdan and Biklen, 1982). The use of telephone interview in study 2 for initial screening process reduces cost of interviewing a large number of programs across the 50 states in United States. According to Sarantakos (2005), interview is employed when the interview are simple and brief, when quick and inexpensive result are sought.In this study, the interview was co nducted for 3 hours which might prove too strenuous, difficult and time consuming for the respondent. â€Å"Telephone interviews enable researcher to gather information rapidly and allow for some personal contact between the interviewer and respondent† (Kvale, 1996)*****.. I The advantage of this method is that it produces quick result, and allow more open communication since the respondent is not confronted with the interviewer. The disadvantages of this method is high refusal rate.In study 2, 614 programs were interviewed during screening, but just 233 programs participated in the study. ********Using sampling size in study 2 might not be a good way of recruiting program services from the whole of 53 countries in the state because it might not be a true representative of the programs********* The advantages of interview over questionnaire are that it answers the Why questions rather than just the how many, how often. For example, in study 2 the interviewers ask questions on the organisational characteristics of the program as well as demographic information about the clients in the programValidity and reliability of data collection is very important during research. Babbie (2007) defined validity as the extent to which an empirical measure adequately reflects the meaning of the concepts under consideration and reliability is a matter of whether a particular technique when applied repeatedly to the same object yield the same result at the same time. In study 2, in other to collect most reliable and valid data, interviewers generally conducted the telephone survey with several different staff each responding to their areas of expertise.In study 1,. Field were tested to ensure adaptability to local Vietnamese context. ELISA technique was used for HIV testing and univariate analysis was performed to test the associations of having overdosed in the past 12 months. Researchers must put into consideration the ethics and values of the participants. According to Sarantakos (2005), the researcher becomes aware of a lot of ethical consideration during the process of data collection. An important aspect of ethical consideration is â€Å"veracity, voluntary participation and confidentiality†.In study 1, participant were provided with written voluntary consent form which contains the detailed information on the purpose of the study and potential benefits and risk of participation which was read by a trained and experienced Vietnamese interviewers at the study site. In study 2, the interviewers described the purpose of the research to the participant through the telephone, gave a number of assurance concerning the voluntary nature the research and the confidentiality of responses.Some of the participant gave their consent and continued with the interview while some decline participation. It is important to take into consideration the limitation of the method used during data collection. In study 1, the use snowballing sampling is unlike ly that the sample will be representative of the population even though the interviewers claimed that recruitment of hidden population through peers has been successful in obtaining a broad sample. A better method would have been random selection.The second limitation of study I is that representativeness of the entire IDU population in the province can not be ascertained despite the fact that three fourths of the registered IDU were recruited from provincial level of government records of registered IDUs because there could be possibility of under-reporting and institutionalization of IDUs In study 2, the data reflected the provision of HCV services by drug treatment program from the person most knowledgeable about the medical services provided at the program, this will not give a rue data collection because the program managers may have over-reported the quality of services provided by the program. Clients assessing the programs should have been interviewed instead, these would ha ve supplied accurate information about the program and the data would have reflected the view of the clients In conclusion,